The oxygen, which produced from the above equation react with lead oxide and form lead peroxide (PbO 2.) Thus, during charging the lead cathode remain as lead, but lead anode gets converted into lead peroxide, chocolate in colour. The SO 4 - ions being negatively charged moved towards the electrodes connected to the positive terminal of the supply main (i.e., anode).Įach hydrogen ion takes one electron from the cathode, and each sulphates ions takes the two negative ions from the anodes and react with water and form sulfuric and hydrogen acid. If the two electrodes are immersed in solutions and connected to DC supply then the hydrogen ions being positively charged and moved towards the electrodes and connected to the negative terminal of the supply. When the sulfuric acid dissolves, its molecules break up into positive hydrogen ions (2H +) and sulphate negative ions (SO 4 -) and move freely. The positive terminal with a diameter of 17.5 mm at the top is slightly larger than the negative terminal which is 16 mm in diameter. Battery Terminals – A battery has two terminals the positive and the negative. Separators are grooved vertically on one side and are smooth on the other side.ĥ. Separators – The separators are thin sheets of non-conducting material made up of chemically treated leadwood, porous rubbers, or mats of glass fibre and are placed between the positive and negative to insulate them from each other. The lead peroxide and sponge lead, which form the negative and positive active materials have the little mechanical strength and therefore can be used alone.Ĥ. Dilute Sulfuric Acid (H 2SO 4) – It is used as an electrolyte.Sponge lead – Its form the negative active material.The PbO 2 are dark chocolate broom in colour.

Lead peroxide (PbO 2) – It forms the positive active material.

Active Material – The material in a cell which takes active participation in a chemical reaction (absorption or evolution of electrical energy) during charging or discharging is called the active material of the cell. The negative active material is quite tough, and it undergoes a comparatively low change from charging and discharging.ģ. The plantes plate has low capacity weight-ratio.įaure process is much suitable for manufacturing of negative plates rather than positive plates. But the plates are more durable and less liable to lose active material by rapid charging and discharging. Plante’s plates are used largely for stationary batteries as these are heavier in weight and more costly than the pasted plates. They are the formed plates or plante plates and pasted or faure plates. The plates of the battery are of two types. The grid for the positive and negative plates are of the same design, but the grids for the negative plates are made lighter because they are not as essential for the uniform conduction of the current. These are usually made with the transverse rib that crosses the places at a right angle or diagonally. The grids are made up of an alloy of lead and antimony. If the current is not uniformly distributed, then the active material will loosen and fall out. The grid is essential for conducting the electric current and for distributing the current equally on the active material.

Plate – The plate of the lead-acid cell is of diverse design and they all consist some form of a grid which is made up of lead and the active material. The prism serves as the support for the plates and at the same time protect them from a short-circuit.The material of which the battery containers are made should be resistant to sulfuric acid, should not deform or porous, or contain impurities which damage the electrolyte.Ģ. At the bottom of the container, there are four ribs, on two of them rest the positive plate and the others support the negative plates. Container – The container of the lead acid battery is made of glass, lead lined wood, ebonite, the hard rubber of bituminous compound, ceramic materials or moulded plastics and are seated at the top to avoid the discharge of electrolyte. The container stores chemical energy which is converted into electrical energy by the help of the plates.ġ. The container and the plates are the main part of the lead acid battery. The various parts of the lead acid battery are shown below.

Anode and cathode in lead acid battery